International Journal of Science, Engineering and Computer Technology

Narvinder Singh ¹, D. P. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, B.M..C.T.M., Farrukhnagar, Gurgaon, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Physics, P.P.I.M.T., Chaudharywas, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Wave particle interaction between elf waves and cyclotron resonant electrons has been studied & energy diffusion is calculated at low latitude. We consider L-values of low latitudes (1.1, 1.3, and 1.5) and put them into the loss cone to send them into the lower ionosphere. By this way the morphology of the ionosphere changed which helps in elf propagation in earth's ionosphere waveguide. We see that as frequency increases at constant L- values energy diffusion increases .In the same manner we find that L-value is constant and frequency is changed energy diffusion goes on increases. This phenomena helps us in understanding the effect of elf waves on whistler mode propagation and D-E region perturbations and help us in understanding the phenomena of aurorae law farther they are decrease or intense.

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Mukesh Kumar Chandel ¹, D. P. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Physics, B.M. College of Technology & Management, Farrukhnagar, Gurgaon, IN
2 Dept. of Physics, P.P.I.M.T., Chadharywas, Hisar, IN

Abstract

Wave particle interaction between elf waves and cyclotron resonant electrons has been studied & pitch angle diffusion is calculated at different pitch angles. We consider L-values of mid latitudes (2.0, 2.4, and 3.0). The diffusive equilibrium ionospheric model has been considered and theory of Summer et al (2007) has been extended. We find that high pitch angles are more efficient to precipitate resonant electrons into the lower ionosphere. In the same way the high frequency waves are more able to diffuse cyclotron resonant electron into the loss cone. The results are in agreement with experimental values.

Keywords

Magnetospheric plasma waves, Electron precipitation, Wave-particle interactions, Pitch angle scattering, Cyclotron resonance, Earth's radiation belt, Energetic electron

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Poonam ¹, D. P. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Om Institute of Technology and Management, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 SNVP, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Today the use of digital cell phones, the internet, and CD and DVD players is ubiquitous. In all of these cases, digitally represented data is either transmitted from one place to another or retrieved from a storage device when needed. For the proper functioning of these systems the transmitted or retrieved data must be sufficiently error free. This can be accomplished efficiently by using channel efficiently coding techniques. One such channel coding technique for achieving reliable data transmission or retrieval is to use convolutional codes. In convolutional coding input bits are stored in the fixed length shift register and they are com combined with the help of mod-2 adders. The output of convolutional code depends upon the connection of shift registers with mod-2 adder. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a computational method that optimizes a problem by iteratively trying to improve a candidate solution with regard to a given measure of quality (called particles). In this paper present the best convolutional encoder structure (connection of shift registers with output with the help of mod-2 adder)for code rate1/4 by using PSO.

Keywords

Convolutional Code, PSO, Mod-2 Adder, Shift Register.

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